Faiza

 It may be noted that if the reported speech contains some permanent fact or universal truth, a habitual fact, a past historical event, some proverbial fact, a social or religious custom, or a report of particular time or action, the tense of the reported speech will not change even if the Reporting speech is in the past tense; as, Habitual fact:- Direct speech: He said, "my mother used to tell us stories." Indirect speech: He said that his mother used to tell them stories. A past historical event:- Direct speech: Our teacher said, "Pakistan came into being in 1947." Indirect speech: Our teacher said that Pakistan came into being in 1947. Permanent fact or universal truth:- Direct speech: He said,"God is one." Indirect speech: He said that God is one. Permanent fact:- Direct speech: She said,"Honesty is the best policy." Indirect speech: She said that honesty is the best policy. Proverbial fact:- Direct speech: The professor said, "if wishes...

  Rule No1 The tenses of the verbs in the reported speech are not changed if the verb in the reporting speech (reporting verb) is in the present tense or future tense.  Rule No 2 If the Reporting verb is in the past tense, the verb in the reported speech changes into the corresponding past tense e g., Changes in Verbs  The following changes in the verbs will take place: is,am,are     ➡   will change into -was, were     Was,were.    ➡         had been     Has, have      ➡                 had      Will, shall    ➡              would           Can          ➡                 could          May          ➡         ...

  You can see that in changing a sentence from the direct into the direct speech:- 1). All pronouns of the FIRST PERSON in the reported speech are changed according to the subject of the reporting speech. (Examples 1-2) 2). All pronouns of the SECOND PERSON are changed according to the object. (Examples 3-4) 3). If the object is not there in the reporting speech, the pronouns of the second person may be changed into the pronouns of third person, first person or as the sense of the sentence allows. (Examples 5-6) 4). All pronouns of the third person remain unchanged. (Example 7) 5). When in direct speech the pronoun "we" represents humanity or the object of the reporting verb is also included in it, it (pronoun" we")  is not changed in indirect speech. (Example 9) 6). When the pronoun "we" is used for some king or queen, or some author, it is changed into "he" or "she" according to the sense. (Example 10-11) 7). When the pronoun "we...

 Direct and Indirect speech Suppose Ahmed met you on his way to college and told you, "I have lost my book." you can report this bit information to any other person in two ways, e .g: a) Ahmed said to me, "I have lost my book." b)Ahmed told me that he had lost his book. In (a) you have reported the very words used by Ahmed and to make it clear you have put this words within inverted commas, separating it at the same time by a comma. This is called direct speech. It may also be noted that "said" is called Reporting verb and I have lost my book is called the Reported speech. In (b) you have reported in your own words, what Ahmed had said. This is called indirect speech. Let us see another example: • The tailor said to me, "I am too busy to prepare your dress today." (Direct speech) • The tailor told me that he was too busy to prepare my dress that day. (Indirect speech) It should be noted that in changing from the direct into the indirect speech: 1...

  Art Movements: Inclinations in art during different time periods always vary, and the amount specific style overtime is extremely vast,with each being a building block in the history of art, as it when through phases affected by not only artists by the world around them. Movements would evolve and some styles followed like fads, In today's world of art movements are not followed like they were, in favour of creating one's on style. This essay will summarize 17 popular at movements  comprising of;  Abstract art   , Abstract expressionism,  Conceptual Art, C ubism, Dada, Expressionism, Fauvism, Formalism, Impressionism, Modernism, Pop Art, Post modernism, Primitivism, Surrealism,Tachisme, Realism and Romanticism.

What is direct speech? Direct speech repeats or quotes the expressed all the words spoken. when we use the direct speech, we place the words spoken between the quotation marks ("first - person") . Direct speech is directly conveyed either in speech or in writing. Examples: He said, "i will hard to succeed." The commander said, " we will defeat all the enemies. What is indirect speech? Indirect speech or reported speech is usually used to talk about the past,so we normally change the tense of the words spoken into. we use reporting verbs like 'tell','say',  'ask',and we can use the word 'that' to introduce the reported in place of (" ") direct and indirect speech also introduces the concept of 'Reported speech' and 'Reported verb'. Examples: He said that he will work hard to succeed. The commander said that they will defeat all the enemies.